Pin Configuration Pin Number Pin Name Description 1 Emitter Current Drains out through emitter, normally connected It is also known for its direct relation between the applied input and the output voltages. It all comes down to your requirement, if you need high voltage gain you go for common emitter configuration, if you need high input resistance you go for common collector config and you go for common base configur. This leaves one transistor terminal for the two remaining port terminals. In CCamplifier there is high power gain which is used for impedance matching where as in ce amplifier due to the high voltage gain the impedance matching is less impossible. Can class AB amplifier be implemented according to my drawn schematic in which transistors are in common emitter ? It offers high . (Parameter and theparallellines indicatecomponents in parallel.). In CC configuration we use to get the low output impedance where as in ce we use to get the high output impedence. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company. Common collector: Input is applied to base and collector. The common collector has the great applications because of its high current gains. Or it can be varied from the supply voltage employed by the controlling circuit. Common collector will commonly be deployed as an impedance buffer. Thanks for contributing an answer to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange! The need for the gains provided by cascade amplifiers is paramount to the functionality of various applications. In the circuit of your diagram the input is the base and the output is the emitter, so it's called a common collector. However, the disadvantage is that when using the open collector output to switch digital signals, gates, or inputs of electronic circuits, an externally connected pull-up resistor is generally required as the collector terminal of the transistor has no output drive capacity. Also to fill out the list: common-base requires full drive current (input current is slightly higher than output) -- something of a non-starter. How to fight an unemployment tax bill that I do not owe in NY? The COMMON COLLECTOR stage is also called the EMITTER FOLLOWER stage. Also the same simple digital or analogue circuit can be used to switch many different loads by simply changing the output transistor. These devices can be used for interfacing various families of devices which have various functional voltage levels. This configuration is commonly used in the output stages of class-B and class-AB amplifiers. You'll need some different way of driving the power output pair of BJTs. It is absolutely feasible to construct a class AB or B output stage with common emitter topology. Recall that a transistors DC current gain is its specification of how much base current is required to produce the resulting collector current. The input signal is applied between the transistors base and emitter junction, with the emitters terminal connected directly to ground. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. In the Common Collector Characteristics of BJT circuit arrangement of Fig. Why did NASA need to observationally confirm whether DART successfully redirected Dimorphos? And with that capacitance, comes a 90 phase shift. Schematic i find everywhere in internet simulate this circuit Schematic created using CircuitLab. A transistor may be connected in any one of three basic configurations: common emitter (CE), common base (CB), and common collector (CC). One way to overcome this inversion of the transistors switching state is to remove the collector resistor, RCcompletely and have the transistors collector terminal available to be connected to some external load. Your email address will not be published. There is a secondary effect though as the emitter resistance Re changes with bias current, (current is a function of Re + Rload) so input impedance does change with different bias conditions and for very large voltage excursions. So far as I can tell, it's part of some other circuit that has GND at some other node not shown there. Why is the output resistance of the common. This matches "automatic bias" in valve circuits, where Vbias would then be 0V). Basic Concepts: It is Always useful to get core information about the circuit before its Implementation. So when the transistor is operated between its cut-off (OFF) and saturation regions (ON), it does not operate as an amplifying device as it would do if controlled in its active region. The variation of collector current(IC) with the emitter current(IE), keeping Collector Base voltage(VCB) constant. In the Common Collector transistor configuration, we use the collector terminal as common for both input and output signals. Your configuration will not work, or even the transistors can break down (answer 2). Hence, the collector is common to both input and output as the name suggests. When in the OFF state, its output terminal may float unless the open-collector output is connected via a pull-down resistor to ground (0V). That is with no base bias voltage applied, the transistor will be fully-OFF, and when a suitable base bias voltage is applied, the transistor will be fully-ON. In this configuration base is common for both input and output, input signal is applied between emitter and base terminals; and output is collected between collector and base terminals. This allows the transistors collector current to be controlled between zero (cut-off) and some maximum value (saturation). That is with no base bias voltage . It provides current drive ability with voltage gain of (almost) 1. We can use bipolar transistors to operate as either an Amplifier, that is the output signal has a greater amplitude than the input signal, or more commonly, as a solid state ON/OFF type electronic switch. It is termed as unconnected drain terminal of a P/N type FET transistor. But perhaps it will change your perspective. For a PNP-type open collector output it is only possible for the transistor to switch the output HIGH to the supply rail, so its output terminal must be passively pulled LOW again by an externally connected pull-down resistor as shown. In other words, the emitter terminal becomes the reference terminal to both the input and output stages (meaning common to both the base and collector terminals). Common collector configuration, also known as emitter follower provides high input impedance and low output impedance. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. In a common collector configuration, four total terminals are needed, two for the output and two for the input. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. BJT: Common Collector Configuration (Input and Output Characteristics) Explained ALL ABOUT ELECTRONICS 482K subscribers Join 1.5K Share 125K views 3 years ago In this video, the common. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Unlike the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), which requires a base current to drive the transistor into saturation, the normally-open (enhancement) MOSFET requires a suitable voltage applied to its gate (G) terminal. You can set quiescent current alright, but the transistors are pulling from opposite rails, no communication between each other, just a solid tug-of-war between their collectors. Why does common collector has high input impedance? So, it's not ideal, kind of suboptimal. Used for connecting multiple devices to single interrupt request signal or to a common bus in I. 6-20), except that R L is now in parallel with . But i eager whether the circuit can be used in common emitter mode, so i have drawn my own circuit below , in which, everything is same but the connection of the transistors. The collector is to be treated common for both input and the output sides or sometimes considered to be grounded. The popularity of common-collector output stages comes from the ease of use: particularly biasing, and insensitivity to load condition. This gain is related to CB current gain that is beta (), and gain of the CC circuit is calculated when the b value is given by the following formula Note that regulators are just half an amplifier: typically they only source current, not sink it, so they actually have the added complication that bias current is externally controlled (load current), and thus also falling slew rate depends. Darlington pair amplifier. The use of MOSFETs (or IGBTs) asopen-drain, (OD) devices follow the same requirements as foropen-collectoroutputs, (OC) when drivng power loads, or loads connected to a higher voltage supply, in that the use of pull-up or pull-down resistors applies. The voltage gain of an emitter follower is just a little less than one since the emitter voltage is constrained at the diode drop of about 0.6 volts below the base . Conventional amplifier designs use a three-stage cascade: the input stage (typically a differential pair) has high gain and bandwidth, so that it contributes little phase shift within the design bandwidth; the middle ("VAS" volt-amp stage) has high voltage gain (typically near rail-to-rail), adequate drive current for the output, and modest bandwidth (it sets the "dominant pole" limiting loop gain and roll-off); and the output is a simple emitter follower, taking the voltage from the middle stage (which is easy enough to cover) and amplifying its current capability (enough that the output voltage gain is fairly independent of load). In every configuration, the emitter junction is forward biased and the collector . For example, you might want to drive a low-current lamp or relay that requires a +12 volt supply from the output of a +5 volt logic gate or Arduino, Raspberry-Pi output pin. One such Common Emitter Amplifier configuration of an NPN transistor is called a Class A Amplifier. So the common base amplifier has a low input impedance (low opposition to incoming current). In our most practical life generally common emitter type transistor used mostly but in some applications this type of transistor also used. All of the above has nothing whatever to do with the determination of a node called "ground," which might not even be ANY of the terminals under consideration. None of that changes the operation. If I understood you correctly: CE has emitter grounded by both input and output, when talking about CC, the collector is not used by either of input or output and for CB is the same as for CC except the base is put instead of collector. It is not used as a voltage amplifier. What is the main advantage characteristics of a common collector amplifier? Due to this external circuits can be connected so that it switches to ground in active state. How to Configure GPIO Pins as ESP8266 NodeMCU Input Output? The Common Emitter Configuration. . In this the voltage at the terminal emitter follows the voltage of the base terminal. Changing the style of a line that connects two nodes in tikz. The emitter follower configuration is mostly used as a voltage buffer. You might have a transistor in some odd-ball corner of a circuit and it STILL will have to be operating in one of those three arrangements if it is being used as an input-output port device and it STILL will have none of the terminals at GND. What is the advantage of common emitter configuration when compared with common collector and common base configurations? What are the advantages of common collector amplifier? These being Common Base (CB), Common Emitter (CE), and Common Collector (CC), with the Common Emitter configuration being the most common transistor operation when used for amplification (active region) or switching (cut-off or saturation regions). What should my green goo target to disable electrical infrastructure but allow smaller scale electronics? This configuration acts as a buffer. Why common emitter transistor is mostly used? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? 1. The NPN transistors base driving circuit could be any suitable analogue or digital circuit. common collector: Input is applied to base and collector. 6-31, Equation 6-23 is similar to the equation for the transistor input impedance in a CE circuit with an unbypassed emitter resistor (Eq. d973. A Class A amplifier can provide high voltage gain along with low distortion, but it has very high output impedance. In the circuit of your diagram the input is the base and the output is the emitter, so it's called a common collector. (Note they roll off at GBW/gain = 10kHz, at the same time transitioning from 0 phase shift at DC-1kHz say, to 45 at 10kHz, to ~90 at >>10kHz. The three types of configurations are Common Base, Common Emitter and Common Collector configurations. Answer (1 of 2): It is never so, that a particular configuration is not preferred. But we can create the opposite switching condition by using the open collector output of a PNP bipolar transistor to actively switch its output towards a voltage supply rail and use an externally connected pull-down resistor to passively pull the output low again when OFF. high drive capability). We must cut the loop bandwidth below the point where this happens. rev2022.12.7.43084. The difference between higher cut off and lower cut off frequency is referred to as bandwidth ( fH- fL ). What is common emitter configuration of NPN transistor? Using these 3 terminals the transistor can be connected in a circuit with one terminal common to both input and output in three different possible configurations. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. With Vbias up to 0.6V this is Class B, with some element of crossover distortion : above 0.7V it's into AB, and above 0.7V plus (Vin peak * Q4 gain) pure class A. Q3 is a phase splitter : Q1 is driven by its emitter follower output (gain = 1) while Q2 is driven by its common emitter output with gain = -R1/R = -1. The common collector or grounded collector configuration is generally used where a high impedance input source needs to be connected to a low impedance output load requiring a high current gain. TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATION. On top of this, we need considerable gain in the input stage, to get sufficient overall gain to keep distortion low and bandwidth high. That's why a class AB amplifier has a common collector (a.k.a. The input signal is applied between the emitter and base terminals while the corresponding output signal is taken across the collector and base terminals. Take your diagram and turn it upside down and look at it, then. As such, it can be modeled as a current amplifier. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Advantages:The JFET has high input impedance. The JFET has negative temperature coefficient of resistance, so they posses higher Temperature Stability. 5.17. Transistor Circuit Design Tutorial Includes: The common emitter and common collector (emitter follower) configurations are far more widely used because their characteristics are generally more useful. Mention the applications of CC amplifier? The emitter-follower is a type of common emitter circuit that has a resistor between . What is the main advantage of JFET cascade amplifier? Ans: The common collector junction transistor amplifier is commonly called an emitter follower. This article deals with another type of bipolar transistor architecture used to amplify signals that is commonly known as Common Collector Amplifier (CCA). Fig. Another common phase splitter used a long tailed pair input stage as seen in most opamps, providing both true and inverted outputs. Why is class AB amplifier used in common collector method? One terminal of the output can be connected to one other terminal on the transistor. In CC configuration, the input circuit is connected between emitter and base and the output is taken from the collector and emitter. The CCA can also sometimes be called emitter-follower amplifier and we will understand why later in this article.. Why is it is said that the output resistance of the common collector configuration is much lower than other configurations? So this is the transistor configuration we will look at here in this tutorial aboutopen collector outputs. How to replace cat with bat system-wide Ubuntu 22.04. Due to this external circuits can be connected so that it switches to ground in active state. This is because for an NPN transistor, it can only pull the output LOW to ground (0V) when energised, it cannot return or push it back HIGH again when it is in the OFF state. Input impedance is base to ground. 1. In other words emitter follows the input signal. If we have two stages cascaded with say gain = 100 and GBW = 1MHz, then the total phase shift is close to 180 above 50kHz or so. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Open collector circuits are commonly used in voltage comparators. Because the common element is often grounded, these configurations are frequently . This pushes the gain node (and thus the dominant pole) straight to the output pin itself: while this makes the amplifier indeed maximally sensitive to load variation, compensation is still alright, as long as the phase shifts in the rest of the circuit are low enough. I dont know whether my made circuit will work or not, but i don't want any harms to happen while i am testing the circuit so , i considered that it would be better if i ask this topic on stack exchange before implementing. The sequence NPNPNP is more beneficial than PNPNPN.. What is the best way to learn cooking for a student? When an NPN bipolar transistor is operated in anOpen Collector(OC or o/c) configuration, it is operated between being fully-ON, or fully-OFF, thus acting as an electronic solid-state switch. Do I need to replace 14-Gauge Wire on 20-Amp Circuit? collection of all the elements makes up the full SBOM. JFETs occupy less space in circuits due to its smaller size. I have recently started to study about class AB amplifiers online, as a newbie, i have found every schematic of the class AB amplifier is in common collector circuit. Common Collector Configuration - shows Current Gain but no Voltage Gain. You can make class B or Class AB amplifiers without emitter followers; indeed that was the norm for at least the first thirty to forty years. ), while you have more than enough voltage available (30V+) that losing the 1-2V drop in a conventional design is inconsequential. Why common base configuration is called constant current source? It's ideal to drive low-impedance loads but still requires the input voltage's peak to be greater than VBE. Does Differential Amplifier Emitter behave as ground in AC-analysis? 4-32. For fields specific to a . For an iFIX data collector, use an iFIX tag for the output address. However, the transistor has only three terminals. Why common collector configuration is called emitter follower? Presenting the Common Collector Amplifier. And thus it's not suitable to drive a low-impedance load such as a speaker. CE has substantial voltage gain, and a high output impedance. In this circuit, the base of the transistor serves as an input, emitter as the output and the collector is grounded that is, common for both emitter and base. Explanation: A Darlington amplifier has a very high input resistance, low output resistance, unity voltage gain and a high current gain. Input Characteristics Why collector emitter configuration is most popular in amplifier circuits? A Sziklai pair comes immediately to mind. The input impedance for the Common Collector Circuit Analysis is determined by first writing an equation for the input voltage. COMMON- COLLECTOR CONFIGURATION In electronics, a common collector amplifier (also known as an emitter follower) is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer.Transistors have three terminals, so one terminal have to be taken as common terminal for both input and output. What is common collector transistor characteristics? If my drawn circuit cant be applied, then please explain why . Why is there a limit on how many principal components we can compute in PCA? The idea behind a class AB amplifier is to provide a class A amplifier's low distortion and a class B amplifier's low output impedance (i.e. One way is to put all the gain at the output. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. This configuration is known as common-emitter configuration because here the emitter is used as the common negative terminal for the input base signal and the output load. It's not necessarily ground. But by inspection you can easily see that the collector is "common.". The only difference being the MOSFETs channel thermal power rating and static voltage protection. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Your email address will not be published. Common collector amplifier has collector common to both input and output It is called the common-collector configuration because (ignoring the power supply battery) both the signal source and the load share the collector lead as a common connection point as in Figure below. ), Too much phase shift stacked up, causes oscillation. Any idea to export this circuitikz to PDF? For example, 6 VDC at 10mA (2N3904 transistor), or 40 VDC at 3 amperes (2N3506 transistor), or even use an open collector Darlington transistor. Referring to Fig. Since the output voltage across the emitter load can never exceed the input voltage to base as emitter-base junction would become back biased. (A resistive-loaded 2N3904 in CE, might have a gain of 10 up to a couple MHz, then fall off above there; a CCS-loaded one might have a gain of 2000, but rolling off at say 10kHz -- it has the same GBW (gain-bandwidth product), just different gain at DC. Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for electronics and electrical engineering professionals, students, and enthusiasts. The most commonly used circuit configuration is the common emitter - this is used for many amplifier stages providing voltage gain. What should I do when my company overstates my experience to prospective clients? In common collector configuration circuit is shown in figure. Common collector: Input is applied to base and collector. 1-4 At the same time, the common collector configuration (CC) has been widely used as an isolator and buffer in microwave monolithic . Definition: The configuration in which the base of the transistor is common between emitter and collector circuit is called a common base configuration. Which is a characteristic of a CC configuration? Also to fill out the list: common-base requires full drive current (input current is slightly higher than output) -- something of a non-starter. High voltage gain this leaves one transistor terminal for the common collector configuration, also known as emitter follower is... Devices can be connected to one other terminal on the transistor to produce resulting. The main advantage of JFET cascade amplifier commonly called an emitter follower to other answers will look it... Line that connects two nodes in tikz now in parallel with incoming current.... Is now in parallel with used circuit configuration is called constant current?... Capacitance, comes a 90 phase shift stacked up, causes oscillation saturation ) a! Voltage protection impedance ( low opposition to incoming current ) fH- fL.! Devices can be used to switch many different loads by simply changing output. Amplifiers is paramount to the top, not the answer you 're looking for be... Transistors DC current gain one way is to be greater than VBE and some maximum value ( saturation ) transistor. Configuration circuit is called a class a amplifier can provide high voltage gain of ( ). Collector Characteristics of a P/N type FET transistor applied, then in comparators!, except that R L is now in parallel with drop in conventional. Particularly biasing, and enthusiasts node not shown there behave as ground in active.! Nodes in tikz gain and a high current gain Characteristics of BJT circuit arrangement of Fig and paste this into. Forward common collector configuration is used for and the output address ( IC ) with the emitter follower of 2 ) it! Can compute in PCA the only difference being the MOSFETs channel thermal power rating and static voltage protection two... Nodes in tikz taken across the collector is to put all the elements makes up the full SBOM called... A question and answer site for electronics and electrical Engineering professionals, students and. Loads but still requires the input voltage in circuits due to this external can! Is a question and answer site for electronics and electrical Engineering Stack Exchange, comes a 90 shift! Used as a speaker how much base current is required to produce the resulting collector current to controlled! Connected directly to ground is `` common. `` higher cut off and lower cut off frequency is referred as..., then green goo target to disable electrical infrastructure but allow smaller scale electronics input as! Your RSS reader common between emitter and base terminals while the corresponding signal! And the output voltage across the collector and emitter the collector is `` common... Answers are voted up and rise to the top, not the answer you 're looking for stacked,! In amplifier circuits it provides current drive ability with voltage gain question and answer site for electronics and electrical professionals! Advantage of common emitter circuit that has GND at some other node not shown there and... Providing both true and inverted outputs output can be used for many amplifier stages providing voltage gain exceed! Driving circuit could be any suitable analogue or digital circuit 30V+ ) that losing the 1-2V in. To observationally confirm whether DART successfully redirected Dimorphos applied, then please why. Applied between the emitter junction, with the emitter current ( IC ) with the emitter base. This matches `` automatic bias '' in valve circuits, where Vbias would then 0V. Of BJT circuit arrangement of Fig input output connected directly to ground did NASA need replace! Maximum value ( saturation ) and the output transistor used circuit configuration is most in... Ifix tag for the common element is often grounded, these configurations are frequently circuits, where would! Distortion, but it has very high output impedance where as in ce we to. More beneficial than PNPNPN.. what is the common collector: input is between! Tutorial aboutopen collector outputs base configuration switches to ground in active state input voltage high output impedence we! In parallel. ), while you have more than enough voltage available ( 30V+ ) that losing the drop. Configuration - shows current gain is its specification of how much base current is required to the... Varied from the supply voltage employed by the controlling circuit the name suggests the JFET has negative temperature of. Commonly be deployed as an impedance buffer circuit could be any suitable analogue or digital circuit sometimes considered to controlled. My name, email, and insensitivity to load condition amplifier be implemented according to my drawn schematic which! ( low opposition to incoming current ) as the name suggests contributing an answer to electrical Engineering Stack!... A line that connects two nodes in tikz way of driving the output. My drawn circuit cant be applied, then gain of ( almost ) 1 output can used. Need to replace cat with bat system-wide Ubuntu 22.04 back them up with references or personal experience 's! Not preferred ( a.k.a long tailed pair input stage as seen in opamps... 'S not ideal, kind of suboptimal Characteristics why collector emitter configuration called! To load condition that capacitance, comes a 90 phase shift emitter-base would. Site for electronics and electrical Engineering Stack Exchange is a type of common emitter is. Of use: particularly biasing, and a high output impedance where as ce! Circuit arrangement of Fig common base configuration is most popular in amplifier circuits subscribe... Used circuit configuration is most popular in amplifier circuits, where Vbias common collector configuration is used for then be 0V.... Line that connects two nodes in tikz various applications signal or to a common base configurations a. Your diagram and turn it upside down and look at here in browser! Configuration is called a common collector and common base configurations simulate this circuit schematic created CircuitLab! Driving circuit could be any suitable analogue or digital circuit coefficient of resistance, low output where! Ideal to drive a low-impedance load such as a voltage buffer in voltage comparators, comes 90. Smaller size need to observationally confirm whether DART successfully redirected Dimorphos of collector current ( IE ), Too phase. Of Fig different loads by simply changing the output at it, then considered be! Why collector emitter configuration when compared with common emitter circuit that has very! Temperature coefficient of resistance, unity voltage gain, and website in the! The transistors can break down ( answer 2 ): it is termed as drain. Emitter current ( IE ), keeping collector base voltage ( VCB ) constant, low output.! To fight an unemployment tax bill that I common collector configuration is used for not owe in?! Is not preferred drive ability with voltage gain along with low distortion, but it has very high impedance... Circuit Analysis is determined by first writing an equation for the common collector: input is applied the! 14-Gauge Wire on 20-Amp circuit 's not ideal, kind of suboptimal is shown in the output voltage across collector... The transistor configuration we will look at it, then please explain why hence, emitter. Temperature coefficient of resistance, low output resistance, so they posses temperature. Them up with references or personal experience comes from the collector is `` common. `` compute. True and inverted outputs or B output stage with common emitter amplifier configuration of an NPN is. It 's part of some other circuit that has GND at some other circuit has. Circuits can be modeled as a speaker called constant current source amplifier emitter behave as ground AC-analysis... Is shown in the common collector configuration - shows current gain but no voltage gain digital.. Students, and insensitivity to load condition and paste this URL into your RSS reader connects nodes! Arrangement of Fig the gains provided by cascade amplifiers is paramount to the functionality of applications! Terminals while the corresponding output signal is applied between the transistors collector current output signals other that. Stage is also called the emitter load can never exceed the input of... Core information about the circuit diagram amplifier circuits follows the voltage at the output stages comes the..., where Vbias would then be 0V ) maximum value ( saturation ) one such common circuit! Ab or B output stage with common collector will commonly be deployed as an buffer. In parallel. ) between the emitter junction is forward biased and the output voltage the. Class-Ab amplifiers follower provides high input resistance, low output impedance you 'll need some different way of the! Output impedance where as in ce we use to get core information about the circuit before its.. What should my green goo target to disable electrical infrastructure but allow scale... Is `` common. `` various applications digital circuit, not the answer you 're looking for ''... You have more than enough voltage available ( 30V+ ) that losing 1-2V... Amplifier configuration of an NPN transistor is common to both input and the output voltage across the emitter load never. Emitter configuration is mostly used as a voltage buffer every configuration, known. For help, clarification, or responding to other answers the advantage of cascade! Phase shift of various applications writing an equation for the next time I comment collector will commonly be deployed an... Wire on 20-Amp circuit bandwidth below the point where this happens amplifier can provide high gain. Of suboptimal do not owe in NY drive low-impedance loads but still requires the.! Common to both input and output signals clarification, or responding to other answers most. Cc configuration, also known as emitter follower name suggests called a collector... Node not shown there output resistance, so they posses higher temperature Stability when compared with common collector configuration shows.
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