a. abbreviation. Eponyms often reflect the dominance of scientific cultures and languages at the time. c. medical term of Greek origin. b. term derived from a person's name. A good example of the eponym process is the entity of acute adrenal failure secondary to meningococcemia, referred to as adrenal apoplexy. The name. Defibrillator: A medical device that uses electric shocks to restore normal heartbeat. Sometimes, in the case of diseases, an eponym is named in honor of the disease's first or most noteworthy diagnosed victim. eponym adj., adj eponymic, eponymous. It literally means "to put your name on something." Thus, an eponym is a word formed by including the name of the person who discovered or invented whatever is being described. Become an informed health-care consumer! (1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit. This list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance; i.e. sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester, dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section resembling infarcts, plantar stimulation elicits contraction of tensor fasciae latae, recession of L inferior intercostal spaces, developmental or other pathology of various frontal cortical areas, superficial vein is percussed proximally; if impulse is felt over vein distally, valvular incompetence is present, if breast milk flown into a sterile pad is mixed with pus (brown, yellow or bloody traces), mastitis may be present, identifies level of valvular incompetence, neck flexion elicits hip and knee flexion, pressure beneath zygoma elicits flexion of forearm, pressure over symphisis pubis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg abduction, passive flexion of knee to abdomen elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee, difficulty moving feet in contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards, cerebellopontine angle tumor, vestibular schwannoma, nystagmus that coarsens in amplitude on lateral gaze, blue discolouration of the gingival border, aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour, left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same, supine patient lifts head from bed; pain abdominal wall; pain intraperitoneal, increase in volume of murmur on inspiration, widely variable collar of dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes, intradermal injection of hydatid fluid causing wheal, 1. 10. Calor (heat) 4. b. word formed from an abbreviation. urine, dilated pupil, poorly reactive but with normal near accommodation, obliteration of radial pulse with manoeuvres, describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions, tests for presence of palmar ulnar-radial anastomosis (palmar arch), extension of a blister to adjacent unblistered skin when pressed, oestral reaction in mouse injected with pregnant urine, foci of interstitial inflammation in the myocardium and elsewhere, agglutination test for erythrocyte survival, pinpoint bleeding when scales are removed from psoriasis or warts, dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot, increase in heart rate with increase in circulating blood volume, large chromosome puff indicating site of RNA transcription, percussive dullness left flank, LUQ, percussive resonance right flank, pain on anterior, but not lateral, compression of calf, nystagmus elicited by hot or cold irrigation of ear canal, Thomas Geoffrey Barlow, English Pediatric Orthopedist, (19151975), indicates a specific cause of death in some stillborns, Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic stillborn babies with small amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin), loss of muscle tone and reflexes below lesion level, hypotension, increased central venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds, cephalad movement of navel on cervical flexion, stroking dorsal radial skin, with forearm in supination, elicits wrist and finger flexion, toe flexion on percussion of dorsum of foot, extension of the great toe on pricking the dorsum of the foot with a pin, quick shallow respirations followed by period of apnea, spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva, comet shaped visual field defect, extending temporally from the physiological blind spot, dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula, bony outgrowths on dorsa of proximal interphalangeal joints, pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia, "false labour". Acronyms Examples of error-prone medical abbreviations include: IU (international unit): may be confused with "IV" (intravenous) g (microgram): may be confused with mg (milligram) U (unit): may be mistaken for "0" (zero), increasing the dose tenfold. The latter has been used to honor those who first discovered or described an anatomical structure or diagnosed a disease or first developed a medical instrument or procedure. Most acronyms are expressed in uppercase letters, but not always. An acronym is a word (or abbreviation) formed by the first letters or syllables of other words. c. term derived from a person's name. ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction, visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same), hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus, In fixation on a fast upwards movement there occurs a convulsive retraction of the eyelid, granulomatous nodules at pupillary margin. Epidermis: The outer layer of the skin. Browse the Medical Dictionary a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0-9 Featured Game Embolism: An arterial blockage, often caused by a blood clot. At first glance, medical terms may appear intimidating, but once you understand basic medical word structure and the definitions of some common word elements, the meaning of thousands of medical terms is easily unlocked. Abstract. as a word. Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient. 11. any disorder characterized by eosinophil proliferation, e.g. Parkinson's disease is a brain-function disorder that can cause imbalance and miscoordination between the brain and other parts of the body. Medical eponyms are terms used in medicine which are named after people (and occasionally places or things). Is Paget's disease an example of an eponym? grimace of the patient upon a right sided (and not left) sweep. This is . JP Medical Ltd. p.1432. tenderness in the right lower quadrant increases when the patient moves from the supine position to a recumbent posture on the left side, percussion of the tips of the toes causes exaggerated flexion of the toes, various, including SBE and systemic vasculitides, retinal haemorrhages with pale centres seen at fundoscopy, scarring of the dorsum of one hand (contact with incisors when purging), deflection of retinal veins at right angle junctions due to elongation or shortening of connected arterioles, affected areas of cervix fail to stain brown with iodine solution, pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, other malabsorption disorders, area of hyperaesthesia over the right lower abdomen, supravalvular mitral ring, parachute deformity of mitral valve, subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta, hyperpigmented streaks parallel to choroidal vessels, squeezing of calf fails to produce plantar flexion, axial compression and rotation of cervical spine to the side of symptoms causes pain, infrequent and/or incomplete blinking, accompanied by, systolic ejection sound; vibratory/musical; best heard at left lower sternal border, sudden abduction and release of little toe causes extensor plantar response, various, including ADHD and schizophrenia, reaction times for incongruent stimuli (e.g., word red printed in blue), failure of abrupt passive flexion of the hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot, white 'ground glass' nails;absence of lunula, Gap between the scaphoid and lunate bones on AP wrist radiograph, Supine patient flexes one hip whilst keeping other leg flat; back arches if flexion deformity is present, pressure over dorsal big toe MTP joint elicits an extensor plantar response, focal weakness for as much as 48 hours after seizure, inferior gluteal palsy, other causes of hip abductors weakness, pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg', Various abdominal malignancies, especially, various malignancies, including pancreatic, spontaneous thrombosis of multiple veins, including portal circulation, in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of brachial artery induces carpal spasm, in neurological symptoms with exercise or other increase in body temperature, patient walks in place with eyes closed;direction of rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side, Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) and Endothelial injury/dysfunction, softening of the uterine fundus at the site of implantation at 45 weeks gestation, ' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on downward gaze, short acting barbiturate injected in internal carotid; lateralizes language function, identify non-organic sources of low back pain, Head trauma, thoracic and/or abdominal trauma, femoral fracture, bounding forceful pulse elicited with postural manoeuvres, 1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms with administration of glucose p.o. diastolic blood pressure drop of >15mmHg on raising arm, 2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum), systolic heart murmur similar to pericardial rub, Karl Hermann Mellinghoff, German Endocrinologist, (1908-1967), coughing or Valsalve accentuates the venous markings of an erysipeloid rash, differentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia, Improvement in cognitive function after withdrawal of CSF during, forceful plantar flexion of the ankle elicits an extensor plantar response, inability to maintain convergence of eyes, paired transverse white lines on nail bed, transverse compression of the forefoot elicits pain in the distribution of the affected nerve, patient attempts to breathe in with nose and mouth closed (opposite of, punch tenderness at the costovertebral angle, hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated, inability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed, administration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; not in general use, Assesses the integrity of the glenoid labrum and AC joint, coincidence of anterior cruciate injury, medial collateral injury and meniscal tear, irritation downward of the medial tibia causes dorsiflexion of big toe, painful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces, falsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels, enlarged right descending pulmonary artery on chest x-ray, lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases (associated with, calf muscle spasm when raising the affected leg with the foot extended, arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor, 3060 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms, palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 78 weeks, pain elicited by compression of posterior calf, no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle suggests testicular torsion, visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed, Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state, gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel, comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness. tests, reflexes, etc. Rubor (redness) 2. adj., adj eponymic, eponymous. eponym [ epo-nim] a name or phrase formed from or including a person's name, such as Hodgkin's disease, Cowper's glands, or Schick test. Contusion: A bruise. c. term derived from a person's name. Eponyms flourished from the late 19th to early 20th centuries when the leading scientific languages were English and German. TheFreeDictionary Google eponym (redirected from Eponyms) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Wikipedia . For example, you might be familiar with the words scuba and laser. There are two major categories of medical terms: descriptive - describing shape, color, size, function, etc, and eponyms, literally "putting a name upon". eponym [ epo-nim] a name or phrase formed from or including a person's name, such as Hodgkin's disease, Cowper's glands, or Schick test. Master today's medical vocabulary. Medical terminology is language that is used to describe anatomical structures, processes, conditions, medical procedures, and treatments. The sum of Eye, Motor and Verbal responses. 8. a. formed from an abbreviation and pronounced. Numerous additional signs can be found for Graves disease under Graves' ophthalmopathy. The use of certain abbreviations can be dangerous and lead to patient injury or death. Sign Name Only the first (the onset of audible sound, and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible, corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however, see: laboured deep breathing with normal or reduced frequency, increased jugular distension on inspiration, intradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete, modified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion, Louis Julius Ladin, Lithuanian-American Gynecologist, (1862-1951), patient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain. Terms in this set (17) gastroenteritis inflammation of the stomach and intestines gastr/o stomach enter/o intestines -itis inflammation acronym a term formed using the first letters of the word in a phrase, such as AIDS, which stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. or iv, white or greyish lines on the lichen planus lesions, sacroiliac pain on rotation of ilium and extension of hip, anterior shoulder pain with resisted supination of the forearm, This page was last edited on 27 January 2023, at 07:16. 1 : one for whom or which something is or is believed to be named 2 : a name (as of a drug or a disease) based on or derived from an eponym eponymic e-p-ni-mik adjective Example Sentences Joseph Banks was surely the eponym of eponyms. Medical Eponym Description Named After Bio Alzheimer chronic neurodegenerative disease; most common form of dementia Alois Alzheimer, 1864-1915 Bavarian psychiatrist Apgar summarizes the health of the newborn (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration) Virginia Apgar 1901-1974 American obstetrical anesthesiologist Asperger difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication . 9. tests, reflexes, etc. Korotkov described 5 sounds. Seen during right ventriculography in the setting of a patent ductus arteriosus, the Goetz sign refers to the negative contrast effect seen in the pulmonary artery from non-contrast enhanced blood shunting left to right from the aorta, Viktor Gonda, Ukrainian Neuropsychiatrist, (1889-1959), flexing then suddenly releasing the 4th toe elicits an extensor plantar response, softening of the vaginal part of the cervix during the first trimester, anatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types, squeezing the calf muscle elicits an extensor plantar response, Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th Ed), Robbins & Cotran, Scaling, erythematous eruption or dusky red patches over the knuckles, elbows and knees, Alexander Hill Griffith, Scottish Ophthalmologist, Manchester (1858-1937), lid lag of the lower eyelid on upward eye movement, oesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinum, crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but not respiration, wedge shaped consolidation at periphery with base on the pleura, line on barium meal indicating mucosal oedema associated with ulcer, absent thigh adductor reflex with positive patellar reflex, tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident), softening of cervical isthmus appearing between 4th and 6th weeks (usually), Relief of pain at tumor site upon vascular occlusion of limb, with acute return of pain on reperfusion, corneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil, tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes, cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies), knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed, popliteal pain, differentiates organic from non-organic etiology, inward movement of lower ribs during inspiration, pain from an obturator hernia radiating to knee, dilated pupil on the side of an intracranial lesion due to IIIrd nerve compression, lesion on tip of the nose which can presage ocular herpes zoster, small, widely spaced incisors with notched biting surfaces, interstitial keratitis, nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth, palmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules, compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction, lack of forehead wrinkling when patient looks up with head bowed, criteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever. What is an eponym? if the palmar arch is not present, radial artery stick for blood gases is contraindicated, Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson, http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?Biermer's+sign, Rumpel-Konchalevskii-Leede phenomenon or sign, http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/TOPIC97.HTM, https://mskmedicine.com/clinical_skills/obriens-test/, Atlas of Signs in Musculoskeletal Radiology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_eponymous_medical_signs&oldid=1135853103, epigastric pain with pressure on McBurney's point, absence of pain on Achilles tendon pressure, presence of arsenical anti-syphilitic;obsolete, quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. dorsal column lesions, cerebllar lesions, inability to maintain posture with eyes closed, Warm, stiff feeling of skin when affected leg is pinched. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. Tumor (swelling)3. a term taken from modern language which of the following medical terms is an eponym heimlich maneuver the medical term arthritis is an example of: a term build from word parts The word part placed at the end of a word to modify its meaning is a: suffix A word root is the word part that: is the core of the word This list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance; i.e. lysophospholipase crystals in various tissues, distension of pulmonary vascular bed causes, tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s), heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall indicate rupture of viscus, painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees, whitish patches on gingiva and buccal mucosa, triangular swelling corresponding to the outline of the scapula, Ethel L. Cornell, American Neuropsychologist and Psychiatrist, Columbia University NY (1882-1972), scratching alongside big toe extensor tendon elicits an extensor plantar response, carotid pulsations with abrupt ascending and descending phases, palpable gall bladder w/ painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis, tremor at corners of mouth and of outer canthus, intra-abdominal haemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts onset of acute pancreatitis, elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, irregular respiration, bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum, pigmented calluses on anterior surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows), characteristic fingerlike appearance of lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy, ecchymosis superior to inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh, Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon lateral movement of a patient's head when lying in a supine position, basophilic inclusions in peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils, reappearance of absent deep tendon reflexes after short period of maximal muscle contraction, double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign), percussive dullness, aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip, anterior abdominal mass which does not cross the midline and is still palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed, ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally), ear crease indicating risk of heart disease (disputed), constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency, collapse of distended neck veins in diastole, patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed, dissociation of musical and noisy elements in ejection murmur, repeated extreme tension of extensor tendon in interphalangeal joint, thickening of skin and tissue over interphalangeal joint. Medical Dictionary Search medical terms and abbreviations with the most up-to-date and comprehensive medical dictionary from the reference experts at Merriam-Webster. Edema: Swelling caused by fluid accumulation. Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient. Dolor (pain), pyramidal lesions, corticospinal tract lesions, extension of big toe with stimulation of skin over lateral malleolus, nystagmus, intention tremor, staccato speech. An eponymous disease is a disease, disorder, condition, or syndrome named after a person, usually the physician or other health care professional who first identified the disease; less commonly, a patient who had the disease; rarely, a fictional character who exhibited signs of the disease; and, in some few instances, after an actor or the subje. lesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal medulla, MS, chemotherapy, electrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension, For each fever degree Celsius an increase of 8 beats per minute in cardiac frequency, tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia, automatic rise in the loudness of a person's voice when they speak in noise, increased pain along vein with Valsalva; proximal pressure prevents this, immediate pain on inflating blood pressure cuff around calf, eneuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour, resonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture, feeling of moving foreign body under the skin, intradermal protein derivative diameter of wheal evaluated, severe retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasm, Relative pupil dilatation when light swings to the affected side, RLQ pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels. 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