", "Open Access journals offer an innovative and efficient way of publication for academics and professionals in a wide range of disciplines. The articles are of high quality and broad scope. Recently, 38% of patients treated with sodium valproate experienced weight gain of more than 10% of their body weight, which was 8% higher than patients treated with lamotrigine [9]. We will respond to your inquiry shortly. Iran J Child Neurol 2019; 13(2): 37-46. ", "Open Access 'Chemistry' Journals allow the dissemination of knowledge at your finger tips without paying for the scientific content. In all patients, sodium valproate was started at a dose of 10 mg/Kg and increased to 20 mg/Kg within two weeks and the serum level of this drug was checked after one month of consumption which was 50-100mcg/ml. Moreover, sodium valproate did not affect other liver function markers (AST), thyroid hormones (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid level, 25 OH Vit-D3, and the children's blood insulin levels (P> 0.05). Nasr Esfahani et al. Verrotti A, la Torre R, Trotta D, Mohn A, Chiarelli F. Valproate-induced insulin resistance and obesity in children. Przegl Lek 2008; 65(11): 795-8. ", "Not only do open access journals greatly improve the access to high quality information for scientists in the developing world, it also provides extra exposure for our papers. The consent for publication of personal detailed data was obtained from parents. ", "Publishing research articles is the key for future scientific progress. Data including demographic information (age, sex, height, weight, and waist and hip circumference of children), as well as clinical characteristics, such as liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALK-P), serum lipids level (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C), thyroid tests (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid level, 25 OH Vitamin D3 (Vit-D3), and blood insulin level of children before and six months after the consumption of sodium valproate, were examined. BN and TA analyzed and interpreted the patients data and participated in the follow-up duration of the patients. Due to the normal serum level of insulin, uric acid, and lipids, it seems that the role of sodium valproate in children's weight gain is more a result of increased appetite than metabolic and hormonal changes. [19] reported 40% weight gain in children following the consumption of sodium valproate. The Spearman test was used to examine the correlation between the variables. All patients were from the Iranian population at different socioeconomic levels. Other hepatic enzymes (AST, ALK-P), level of blood lipids (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C), thyroid tests (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), the concentration of uric acid, 25 OH Vitamin D3 (Vit-D3), and the level of blood insulin in children before and after consuming sodium valproate did not alter significantly (P> 0.05). ", "Open access journals are freely available online throughout the world, for you to read, download, copy, distribute, and use. This option opens several quite interesting possibilities to disseminate openly and freely new knowledge and even to facilitate interpersonal communication among scientists. In this study, demographic information (such as age and gender), anthropometric features (e.g., weight, height, BMI, and the circumference of waist and hip), and also paraclinical characteristics, such as hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALK- P), lipids profile (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL.C), thyroid tests (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), the concentration of uric acid, 25 OH vitamin D3 (Vit-D3), and the level of blood insulin in 30 children aged 3 to 8 years (4.9 1.64 on average) who were treated with sodium valproate due to newly diagnosed epilepsy were evaluated before and after 6 months of treatment. Iran J Child Neurol 2008; 2(2): 15-8. In a study on 38 children (20 females and 18 males) aged between 8.63.9 on average, serum lipids and liver function test results at the start and in the second and sixth months of treatment with valproic acid were examined and the findings showed that sodium valproate did not affect them [22]. Mean values of weight, body mass index, and circumference of the abdomen and hips of children before and after taking sodium valproate were compared individually among girls and boys. The mean serum levels of TSH and free T4 were increased after treatment, but this increase was not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, no significant change was observed in all cases (P> 0.05) except for the ALT enzyme. They provide easy access to the latest research on a wide variety of issues. Porto University create scientific, cultural and artistic knowledge, higher education training strongly anchored in research, the social and economic valorization of knowledge and active participation in the progress of the communities in which it operates. Verrotti A, Manco R, Agostinelli S, Coppola G, Chiarelli F. The metabolic syndrome in overweight epileptic patients treated with valproic acid. All peer-reviewed accepted submissions meeting high research and ethical standards are published with free access to all. ", "Open access journals represent a major break-through in publishing. ", "It is important that students and researchers from all over the world can have easy access to relevant, high-standard and timely scientific information. According to our findings, there was no significant difference between boys and girls in increasing ALT, and an increase was observed in both boys and girls regardless of gender (P> 0.05). The mean BMI of children before and after taking valproate was 15.481.97 and 16.662.72, respectively, which indicates no significant difference (P = 0.114). showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents who gained weight following the treatment with sodium valproate was similar to that of healthy overweight people [12, 13]. Table 2 presents the mean values of weight, body mass index, and circumference of children's abdomen and hips before and after taking sodium valproate by gender. Evaluation of weight (Kg and Z score), BMI (kg/m2), circumference of the abdomen, and hip (cm) in children before and 6 months after consuming sodium valproate revealed that the mean weight of children before and after taking valproate was 18.542.99 and 21.133.93, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.005). Epilepsy & behavior 2006; 8(3): 643-8. The essential criteria to become Editorial Board Members of The Open Neurology Journal are as follows: The Roles of Editorial Board Member are to: If you are interested in becoming our Editorial Board member, please submit the following information to info@benthamopen.net. The authors concluded that by comparing the results of this study with previous studies, there is clear heterogeneity in the results, but in general, it is not recommended to evaluate the concentration of serum lipids routinely in all of the people treated with anticonvulsants, such as sodium valproate. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 1997; 24(3): 240-4. There have not been many studies on the effect of sodium valproate on serum uric acid levels in children. This study was carried out in 2018 on 30 children aged between 3 to 8 years who were admitted to the pediatric ward of the Rasool Akram Hospital with newly diagnosed epilepsy and were treated with sodium valproate. I read Open Access journals to keep abreast of the recent development in my field of study. Epilepsy Res 2008; 78(2-3): 171-7. The Ministry began its duties in 1951, the beginning of the health development boom in Jordan. Indeed, the research articles span a wide range of area and of high quality. In addition, weight gain following the consumption of sodium valproate seems to be associated with increased appetite and is not metabolic [10]. Isojrvi JI, Taubll E, Herzog AG. ", "It is a modern trend for publishers to establish open access journals. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 8(3): 254-67. Open Access publishing is therefore of utmost importance for wider dissemination of information, and will help serving the best interest of the scientific community. The articles are among the best and cover most scientific areas. revealed that sodium valproate has no effect on serum uric acid levels in children [29]. The partnership provides the opportunity to the researchers, from the university, to publish their research under an Open Access license with specified fee concessions. Ghofrani M, Tonekaboni SH, Aminizadeh V, Javadzadeh M, Abadi F. Sodium Valproate and phenobarbital: Weight complication of treatment in epileptic children. According to the results of this study, in general, sodium valproate does not affect the level of thyroid hormones in children. According to previous studies, weight gain is a serious side effect of treatment with sodium valproate, which occurs in almost half of patients, both children and adults, and is associated with major metabolic and endocrine disorders [8, 15-17]. Other side effects of anticonvulsants include their effect on the function of the endocrine glands (such as the thyroid). Adverse metabolic effects of antiepileptic drug treatment. Verrotti A, Scardapane A, Franzoni E, Manco R, Chiarelli F. Increased oxidative stress in epileptic children treated with valproic acid. Numerous studies have reported that antiepileptic drugs, such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine, increase the serum concentration of HDL-C, while some others do not confirm these effects. Furthermore, treatment with sodium valproate causes a significant increase in the ALT enzyme. The first Ministry of Health in Jordan was established in 1950. [28], conducted in India, thyroid hormone levels in 43 epileptic patients were compared with controls and it was reported that the concentration of T4, T3, and FT3 was significantly lower and the concentration of TSH and FT4 was significantly higher than the control group. The mean value of hepatic enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been increased meaningfully after consuming sodium valproate (P = 0.04), i.e., from 15.65.69 to 20.37.24. The main side effect of this drug is weight gain. BMJ 1981; 283(6291): 577-81. Bentham Open is pleased to announce an Institutional Member partnership with the Ministry of Health, Jordan. Obesity rev: An official journal ofthe International Association for the Study of Obesity 2011; 12(5): e32-43. The mean weight of children before and six months after the start of sodium valproate treatment was 18.542.99 and 21.133.93 (kg), respectively. Short-term side effects of low dose valproate monotherapy in epileptic children: A prospective study. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). Email subject: Editorial Board Member Application, "Open access will revolutionize 21st century knowledge work and accelerate the diffusion of ideas and evidence that support just in time learning and the evolution of thinking in a number of disciplines. Also, the mean weight Z-score of children before and after taking sodium valproate was -2.497 and -2.293, respectively, which was statistically significant too. Weight gain is a well-known outcome of treatment with sodium valproate that is found in 40% of children [7] and is also the most prevalent reason for terminating the treatment of patients with sodium valproate [8]. However, laboratory variations may not be significant. Bentham Open welcomes institutions and organizations from world over to join as Institutional Member and avail a host of benefits for their researchers. Novel Treatment of Epilepsy 2001; 1st 83-5. Sodium valproate is a suitable drug for children aged between 3 and 8 years, but in general, the consumption of this drug increases the chances of obesity in children with overweight as one of the main side effects. The Open Neurology Journal is committed to ensuring high quality of research published. Therefore, anticonvulsant drugs can increase the peripheral catabolism of FT3, T3, T4 by inductive enzymes. This prospective study was performed on 30 children between 3 and 8 years of age who suffered from newly diagnosed epilepsy and received sodium valproate as monotherapy. Effect of antiepileptic drugs on reproductive endocrine function in individuals with epilepsy. Johannessen SI, Landmark CJ. Bentham Open welcomes institutions and organizations from world over to join as Institutional Member and avail a host of benefits for their researchers. Neurology 2001; 56(2): 172-7. Peer-review of articles for the journal, which are in the area of expertise (2 to 3 times per year). Yaghini O, Nasiri J, Nasr Isfahani P. Study of sodium valproates side effects in 2 to 15-year-old children with epilepsy or migraine disorders. Anticonvulsant drugs have been shown to alter the serum concentration of lipid by acting on liver microsomal enzymes [24]. Also, it showed that the concentration of thyroid hormone was low in patients with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine or diphenylhydantoin, with lower prevalence among patients treated with sodium valproate and phenobarbital. Horm Res 2009; 71(3): 125-31. Pack A. Therefore, it is vital to monitor the serum concentration of lipids and liver tests to prevent liver complications and adjust the dose of the drug during treatment. Many drugs can alter the content of T3, T4, and TSH, including anticonvulsants, such as phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate. Bentham Open provides researchers a platform to rapidly publish their research in a good-quality peer-reviewed journal. The authors would like to thank the vice chancellor for research at the Iran University of Medical Sciences. He has 80 publications and having H index 15. ", "The widest possible diffusion of information is critical for the advancement of science. Nakken KO. In this study, serum levels of TSH and free T4 in all patients before and after treatment were examined to evaluate the effects of sodium valproate on thyroid hormones. According to the results, an increase in the size of children's hips is related to an increase in the size of their waist, an increase in the content of TSH is related to an increase in the content of AST, an increase in the content of FBS is related to an increase in the concentration of HDL, an increase in the content of TG is related to an increase in the concentration of vitamin D3, and an increase in the concentration of LDL is related to an increase in the concentration of cholesterol. Table 3 presents the mean values of pediatric paraclinical variables before and after taking sodium valproate. Out of 30 children, 12 children (40%) were female and 18 (60%) were males, with the mean age of respectively 5 1.41 and 4.8 1.91. Furthermore, some researchers have reported that valproic acid and other novel antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine and levetiracetam, do not affect serum lipid profiles [11]. Bentham Open provides researchers a platform to rapidly publish their research in a good-quality peer-reviewed journal. The relationship between variables was analyzed by Chi-squared (2) and Fisher's exact tests. We believe that a dedicated and committed team of editors and reviewers make it possible to ensure the quality of the research papers. All of the above factors in 30 children aged 3 to 8 years (4.9 1.64 on average) who were treated with sodium valproate due to newly diagnosed epilepsy were examined before and after 6 months of treatment. These free-to-view online journals cover all major disciplines of science, medicine, technology and social sciences. Faught E, Limdi NA. ", "These journals provide researchers with a platform for rapid, open access scientific communication. Weight gain in epileptic patients during treatment with valproic acid: A retrospective study. These free-to-view online journals cover all major disciplines of science, medicine, technology and social sciences. The Open Neurology Journal is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews, letters, case reports and guest-edited single topic issues in all areas of neurology and neurological disorders. Bentham Open is pleased to announce an Institutional Member partnership with the Porto University, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMDUP). They are an outstanding source of medical and scientific information. The papers published are of high quality after rigorous peer review and they are Indexed in: major international databases. The partnership provides the opportunity to the researchers, from the university, to publish their research under an Open Access license with specified fee concessions. Open access journals are very helpful for students, researchers and the general public including people from institutions which do not have library or cannot afford to subscribe scientific journals. The present research article has been extracted from the Thesis of Dr. Nafise Sadat Borghei (approved by the medical ethics committee). The Ministry of Health undertakes all health affairs in the Kingdom and its accredited hospitals include AL-Basheer Hospital, Zarqa Governmental Hospital, University of Jordan Hospital, Prince Hashem Military Hospital and Karak Governmental Hospital. Adverse and beneficial side effects of antiepileptic drugs.Managing epilepsy and co-existing disorders 2002; 447-64. RA contributed to the writing of the manuscript. The statistical tests, i.e., the Wilcoxon test, the Pearson correlation coefficient test, and the Spearman correlation coefficient test, were used for data analysis. Epilepsy Res 1993; 16(1): 55-64. Majallah-i Danishkadah-i Pizishki-i Isfahan 2016; 34: 707-11. Antiepileptic drug interactions - principles and clinical implications. Contribute and/or solicit Guest Edited thematic issues to the journal in a hot area (at least one thematic issue every two years). ", "Open access journals are a novel concept in the medical literature. Weight gain following the consumption of sodium valproate was observed in all children in this study. Novak GP, Maytal J, Alshansky A, Eviatar L, Sy-Kho R, Siddique Q. Bentham Open welcomes institutions and organizations from the world over to join as Institutional Member and avail a host of benefits for their researchers. The results for meaningful variables that are related to each other are given in Table 5. STROBE guidelines and methodologies were followed in this study. VM, SF, and MP designed and conducted the study. ", "Open access journals are probably one of the most important contributions to promote and diffuse science worldwide. Ghofrani et al. Nasr Esfahani P, Nasiri J, Badihian S, Yaghini O. Due to the significant increase in ALT enzyme, as observed in this study, it is recommended to check liver enzymes before, one, and six months after starting treatment as it can prevent the irreversible permanent side effects of this drug. Yilmaz E, Doan Y, Grgze MK, Gngr S. Serum lipid changes during anticonvulsive treatment serum lipids in epileptic children. The data supporting the findings of the article are available at the website: https://www.dropbox.com/home/4.%20Sodium %20Valproate, reference number 4. Acta Neurol Belg 2001; 101(4): 217-20. No animals were used in the studies that are the basis of this research. 1). Clinical Pharmacology 2012. Therefore, the assessment of variations in serum lipid profile levels following the consumption of anticonvulsants may help select the safest drug to prevent cardiovascular complications [14]. Their aim to provide exceptional leadership in the field of education continues until today and has produced quality graduates to act as future educators to students in the primary and secondary level. All the humans used were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee responsible for human experimentation (institutional and national), and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. ", * P<0.05 considered as significant Due to the high prevalence of epilepsy and the use of sodium valproate as an antiepileptic drug by these patients, accurate recognition of its side effects and its effects on serum lipids profile, liver enzymes, uric acid level, and thyroid function tests, especially in cases that need long-term treatment seems essential. Thomas SV, Alexander A, Padmanabhan V, Sankara Sarma P. Neuropsychological impairment and altered thyroid hormone levels in epilepsy. The results showed that sodium valproate consumption only causes an increase in ALT enzyme so the initial amount of this enzyme in children was 15.65.6 and increased by 20.37.2 after taking sodium valproate, which was statistically significant (P = 0.046). Also, the mean weight Z-score of children before and after taking sodium valproate was -2.497 and -2.293, respectively, which was statistically significant too. However, another study reported that obese patients with epilepsy treated with sodium valproate were at higher risk for metabolic syndrome than controls [13]. Bentham Open is pleased to welcome Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI), Malaysia as Institutional Member. Weight: Kg, BMI: Kg/m2, round bellied size: Cm, Round hip size: Cm, ALT: U/L, AST: U/L, ALK-P: U/L, TC: mg/dl, HDL: mg/dl, LDL: mg/dl, TG: mg/dl, TSH: mIU/L, FT4: mIU/L, FBS: md/dl, Uric Acid: mg/dl, VitD3: ng/ml, Insulin: mIU/L, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, The Guest Edited Thematic Issues are published free of charge, Average publication time is 18 days between the final acceptance of revised manuscript and its publication, (Indiana University School of Nursing, USA), (Centre Antipoison-Centre de Pharmacovigilance, France), (St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, USA), (Indiana University School of Medicine, USA), (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands), (Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentos, Spain), (University of Trs-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal), (Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong), Fabricating and Stating False Information, Post Publication Discussions and Corrections, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode, https://www.dropbox.com/home/4.%20Sodium %20Valproate. These showed no significant difference between girls and boys (P> 0.05). Effects of treatment on endocrine function in patients with epilepsy. The mean hip circumference in children after consuming sodium valproate was increased significantly from 59.16.10 to 62.37.63 (P = 0.008). The overall standing of a journal is in a way, reflective of the quality of its Editor(s) and Editorial Board and its members. The first accomplishment was the establishment of six departments in the districts headed by a physician and under the central administration of the Ministry. Corman CL, Leung NM, Guberman AH. UPSI was later upgraded to a full university institution on 1 May, 1997, an upgrade from their previous college status. Epilepsia 2010; 51(2): 268-73. Several other studies have examined thyroid function in epileptic patients and suggested that no change is directly related to epilepsy itself, but some variations in thyroid function tests may be related to some anticonvulsant drugs. relation to obesity. This is exactly what Open Access Journals provide and this is the reason why I support this endeavor. [18] studied 100 epileptic children treated with sodium valproate in 1981 and found that the most frequent outcome of sodium valproate is weight gain, which occurred in 44 patients (44%). Bentham Open publishes a number of peer-reviewed, open access journals. Bentham Open ensures speedy peer review process and accepted papers are published within 2 weeks of final acceptance. Several data showed that increased total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C, and decreased HDL-C cause cardiovascular disease. ", "Open access journals have become a fundamental tool for students, researchers, patients and the general public. In a study by Thomas et al. Data were analyzed in IBM, SPSS, Statistics v22.0 using descriptive statistics, frequency tables, and scatter indices, such as mean and standard deviation (SD). In our study, the level of serum insulin and serum lipids, total cholesterol, TG, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, as well as liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALK-P were compared after and before taking sodium valproate. In this perspective, open access journals are instrumental in fostering researches and achievements. Weight: Kg, BMI: Kg/m2, round bellied size: Cm, Round hip size: Cm, * Mann-Whitney U test Katzung BG, Masters SB, Basic AJT. In addition to weight gain, there was also a significant increase in the abdominal and hip circumference of children after taking valproate, whereas the increase in mean BMI before and after valproate administration was not statistically significant (P=0.114). ", "Open access journals make up a new and rather revolutionary way to scientific publication. A study conducted by Attilakos et al. However, sodium valproate does not affect other liver enzymes, such as AST and ALK-P, as well as serum lipid and serum insulin status (P> 0.05). Also, the mean weight Z-score of children before and after taking sodium valproate was -2.497 and -2.293, respectively, which was statistically significant too. The articles are high standard and cover a wide area. The mean size of the abdomen in children was 55.215.29 and 59.915.29, respectively, before and after taking sodium valproate, which is statistically significant (P = 0.005). The Porto University was founded in 1911. Egger et al. This is specially a must for researchers belonging to institutions with limited library facility and funding to subscribe scientific journals. Submit or solicit at least one article for the journal annually. Bentham Open publishes a number of peer-reviewed, open access journals. These drugs induce the hepatic microsomal enzyme system and affect the metabolism of thyroid hormones [25]. Due to the significant increase in ALT enzyme seen in this study, it is recommended that liver tests should be conducted before and one and six months after starting treatment as they can prevent the irreversible permanent side effects of the drug. Similar to other anticonvulsant drugs, sodium valproate comes with some side effects, including transient and harmless outcomes, such as weight gain, transient drowsiness, hair loss, hand-arm tremors at rest and activity, reversible thrombocytopenia, and moderate (about 3 times) increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase, as well as harmful complications, such as hepatotoxicity, encephalopathy, coagulation disorders, pancreatitis, and bone marrow suppression [4].