In the year ending June 2021, the non-UK-born population was an estimated 9.6 million and the non-British population was an estimated 6.0 million; boththe non-UK-born populationandnon-British population haveremainedbroadlystablesince2019. This represents less than half the size of the sampling variability. Estimates for small groups, which are based on smaller subsets of the APS sample, are less reliable, subject to larger potential sample bias and tend to be more volatile than for larger aggregated groups. Note: This table has been suggested by the author of the study that it can be correlated with the table on TFR's on different ethnic groups, see below section for said table. Data are unavailable for the districts of Northern Ireland. The current level of births has not been the cause of general anxiety. The dynamics of superdiversity influence the social and economic patterns of the United Kingdom and have created complex social frameworks. It is not possible to directly compare stocks from the APS and flows from the IPS, as outlined in our explainer blog on how we count migrants. In Wales there is no established church, with the Church in Wales having been disestablished in 1920. Cornish is spoken by around 2,500 people. Last updated At 1 April 2021, BAME personnel represented: 2.7 per cent of Officers and 10.6 per cent of Other Ranks in the UK Regular . The Office for National Statistics took control of producing population projections for the country in 2006. [34], A study conducted for the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) in 2005, found that in England, the majority of ethnic minority participants called themselves British, whereas white English participants said English first and British second. [13][14] By the time of the compilation of the Domesday Book in the eleventh century, there may have between 1.25 and 2 million people living in England. Youve accepted all cookies. [168] The census also recorded 176,632 people stating their religion as Jedi Knight and 6,242 people as Heavy Metal[169] after a campaign by Metal Hammer. [132], Ethnicity of live births and total fertility rate, White British (62.2%, including non-stated). Despite a fall in actual numbers, the proportion of children in England attending private schools rose slightly from 7.1% to 7.3% between 2004 and 2007. In each constituent nation, the population of England was 49,449,700, Scotland had a population of 5,064,200, Wales had a population of 2,910,200 and Northern Ireland a population of 1,689,300. A further impact has been that the sample size of the APS has become smaller, which leads to more variability in the estimates. This peaked in 1964, with a TFR of 2.95. However, the total number of EU nationals in the UK continued to be below levels last seen in 2017 (3.8 million) (Figure 3). [25] However compared to other countries in continental Western European standards, the United Kingdom managed to retain a seemingly 'high' fertility rate. Government data about the UK's different ethnic groups. Therefore, the population of the UK by country of birth and nationality series using the APS will be discontinued. If there is no emigration of citizens and no immigration to the, A fifth estimate, made by the Philip Rees and the, Population groupings over time with projections up to 2051 by David Coleman (2010), Religious groups population pyramids in England and Wales in 2021, Identity group population pyramids in England and Wales in 2021. Analytics cookies help us understand how our website is being used. Browse. You do not need to apply for dual citizenship . Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. Jay Lindop explains why EUSS data should not be used as an indicator for how many EU nationals are living here. We also explain why measuring migration is harder than you might think. [37], The reduction of the total fertility rate of the United Kingdom has also had an effect on the mean age in which a mother gives birth to her first child. [59] The second line of thought comes from demographers themselves which more or less ascribe the decline of infant mortality itself more to the general decline of mortality altogether in the society than any particular reason why.[59]. For example, Child mortality decreased dramatically, the proportion of children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74.5 per thousand in 17301749 to 31.8 per thousand in 18101829. Source: Office for National Statistics Annual Population Survey. Estimates of the population of the UK by country of birth and nationality are based upon data from the Annual Population Survey (APS). The estimates in this bulletin contain uncertainty. ", "Ethnic minorities 'under-represented' in public sector leadership roles, PM says", "Ethnic Minorities in Politics, Government and Public Life", "Census of Local Authority Councillors 2013", Latin American migration to the United Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1155877006, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Ethnicities of United Kingdom and in its constituent countries, This page was last edited on 20 May 2023, at 04:16. The ethnic groups used in the 2021 Census were slightly different from the 2011 Census ethnic groups. Estimates from the Annual Population Survey. Non-EU is the sum of Asia, the Rest of the World and the rest of Europe. We would like to use cookies to collect information about how you use ons.gov.uk. [10] Immigration started to increase in the 1950s and 1960s and the large influx of different cultures created different ethnic communities. In the four pie charts below shows the ethnic make up of each country of the United Kingdom and as a whole over time. Source data for By ethnicity (CSV), Download table data for EU27 is the sum of EU14, EU8 and EU2, plus Malta, Cyprus and Croatia (from 1 July 2013). [25] However, although a majority of requests for Right to Request are accepted, a report in 2006 found that its impact was negligible as mothers tended to switch employers to get reduced hours regardless. The proportion of the population in local authorities who were born outside the UK, or who held non-British nationality, varied across the country. [28][29][30] Some commentators have questioned the dichotomy between diversity and integration. You can find confidence intervals for the data in the interactive tools showing the quality and quality assurance. The British government recognises the Scottish, Welsh, Irish and Cornish peoples as national minorities under the Council of Europe's Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, which the UK signed in 1995 and ratified in 1998.[22]. . Since 1948, immigration from the West Indies and the Indian Subcontinent occurred in substantial numbers due to labour shortages in Britain after World War II. However, after the Brexit Referendum in 2016, numbers began to decline once again. As part of this transformation journey, we are reviewing the best methods to produce estimates of the UK population. [62][61] With this, In 1904, the Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Physical Deterioration was published[63][61][62] which listed large amounts of details of the failings of the British population, and for that matter government, in sustaining a healthy population. The APS is not designed to measure long-term international migration flows but does give insights into changes in our population. [171], The United Kingdom's de facto official language is English which is spoken as a first language by 95% of the population. [46] Increasingly, there are also more couples who are completely childless; this has been increasing since the 1950s.[46][51]. Universal state education in England and Wales was introduced for primary level in 1870 and secondary level in 1900. Coronavirus led to changes being made to the LFS, including introducing housing tenure and country of birth (UK, EU and non-EU) controls into the LFS weighting methodology from January 2020 onwards, as detailed in Coronavirus and its impact on the Labour Force Survey. [37], First official data on the fertility rate of the country was first made available in 1938,[37] However estimates of the total fertility rate can be made back all the way till 1541. [5] The fourth phase of the transition began in the 1960s, when the fertility rate rose, and peaked during the middle of the decade, and then collapsed by 1973 to a below replacement level rate. [46], Since the 1980s, the number of minority councillors has been increasing over time, however, the main parties of minorities involved were the Labour party, with 94.4% of minority councillors affiliated with the Labour Party. India continued to be the most common non-UK country of birth and Polish remained the most common non-British nationality. The traditional religion in the United Kingdom is Christianity. Therefore, users are advised to be cautious when drawing conclusions from estimates that are broken down to smaller groups, for example, by country, nationality, age or local authority. The GAD produced population projections every year from 1955 to 1979 and then switched it to every 2 years up to 1991. It is not possible to survey all people resident in the UK, so these statistics are estimates based on a sample, not precise figures. The EU-born population in the year ending June 2021 was an estimated 3.5 million, which is similar to levels seen in the previous year. But that doesn't say much; Britain's diversity is not equally spread out. Non-EU-born were more likely to hold British nationality (54%) compared with those who were EU-born (19%). [37], This varied from each constituent nation, Wales for example had the highest births outside of marriage at 51% in 2004, In England this percentage was 42% and in Scotland 47%. How we are improving population and migration statistics Article | Released 15 November 2021 Find out more about our population and migration statistics transformation journey. The data has been adjusted to take into account people and households who were not counted or counted incorrectly. Non-response bias is the bias that occurs when the people who respond to a survey differ significantly from the people who do not respond to the survey, which can cause the sample to be unrepresentative of the population or cause larger variance in the estimates. Rest of Europe are the countries remaining once EU27 and the UK have been excluded from Europe. [41], Representation of ethnic minorities in Parliament began in 1987, seeing four ethnic minorities being elected into parliament. [64], The United Kingdom is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe, in 2020 it was the 8th most densely populated country.[74]. The UK government first began publishing population projections for the country in the 1920's under the Government Actuarys Department (GAD) which were mainly produced to be used for long-term financial estimates for pensions and other schemes of social insurance. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. It is not possible to survey all people resident in the UK, so these statistics are estimates based on a sample, not precise figures. [84][85] Anything below that is classified as 'rural', having several levels of distinction to define a rural town and fringe, village or hamlet which is usually taken from population density figures. [31], In 2016, the British government held a European Union membership referendum. This led to a slight overestimation of the non-UK population by approximately 0.5%. Labour Force Survey weighting methodology Article | Released 17 May 2021 New population weights using Pay As You Earn Real Time Information data to allow for changes to Labour Force Survey (LFS) collection methods, and changes to population movements in 2020. This change resulted in higher non-response from those who rent their accommodation and those with a non-UK country of birth or nationality, leaving them less well-represented in the achieved sample. The UCAS report in collaboration with Stonewall also found LGBT students were more likely to come from disadvantaged backgrounds (compared to those who identified as heterosexual or didn't specify), have a disability (compared to non-LGBT students) and have a mental health condition (compared to non-LGBT students).[95]. In contrast however and due to the Great Irish Famine, which began in the 1840s, caused the deaths of 1 million Irish people, and caused well over a million to emigrate. Similarly, you can have rising life expectancy despite high levels of inequality this was the case in Britain from 1900-1950. [5], In the 1990s, international migration began to contribute more proportionally to population growth,[5] and by 1998 this had passed natural increase as the main provider of growth. Therefore, changes were made to the LFS including a new weighting methodology. The French language is spoken in some parts of the Channel Islands although the islands, like the Isle of Man, are not part of the United Kingdom. By the beginning of the 21st century, the population of the United Kingdom rested at a total of 59,113,000 people. Welsh is widely spoken as a first language in parts of North and West Wales, and to lesser extent in South East Wales, where English is the dominant first language. Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality Dataset | Released 25 November 2021 UK residents by broad country of birth and citizenship groups, broken down by UK country, local authority, unitary authority, metropolitan and London boroughs, and counties. Census established and the demographic transition, 1800 2000, Marriage, divorce, families and household types, Largest urban areas of the United Kingdom. [5] In Scotland, population growth was not to the same extent as it was in England, which resulted in being significantly lower in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, which is often ascribed to similar factors halting it such as a high mortality rate, especially for infants, and later marriage and childbearing patterns. London continued to be the region with the largest estimated proportion of non-UK-born (37%) and non-British (21%) population. [5], Factors often associated with the beginning of the demographic transition began to change dramatically as well, which contributed to the rapid increase. Population and migration statistics system transformation overview Article | Released 25 June 2021 Latest update on our population and migration statistics transformation journey. All estimates in this release use the new LFS weighting methodology. The second and third largest non-white racial groups are Asian British at 7% of the population, followed by Black British people at 3%. You can share your feedback and contribute to the review by filling in our online survey. Much of this frustration was directed at Muslims rather than minorities in general. On 2 November 2022, the first migration statistics from the Census 2021 for England and Wales will be published. This increase in total fertility arises from a re-basing of the population estimates for ethnic minorities from the results of the 1991 census. (England and Wales: 2011 census built-up area; Crude birth rate and death rate over time in England and Wales, Births and deaths over time in England and Wales, Marriages and divorces over time in England and Wales. Jay Lindop explains why EUSS data should not be used as an indicator for how many EU nationals are living here. These differences have been explained in more detail in the blog Are there really 6m EU citizens living in the UK? Polish remains the most common non-British nationality (738,000); Romanian is the next most common at 384,000 (Table 3). In 2010, there was a 54.9% chance that two people chosen at random from the U.S. population would be from different race or ethnicity groups (Figure 4). The EU-born population remained similar to the previous year; however, the non-EU born population increased from the previous year. [15] Though the Domesday Book did not count the English population, it has been regarded as one of the first attempts to produce a census of the country. [169], In 2012 the British Social Attitudes Survey found the highest number to be non-religious (48%) followed by Christians (46%) with another six per cent identifying otherwise. Population and migration statistics system transformation overview, Population and migration statistics system transformation recent updates. Pre 1901 figures include the whole of Ireland, whereas from 1901 onwards only the population of Northern Ireland is included. Eastern European countries that joined the EU in 2004: Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia. [5], The first Census in 1801 revealed that the population of Great Britain was 10.5million. [17][18] These categories formed the basis for all National Ethnicity statistics until the 2011 Census results were issued. There were an estimated 18.0 million passenger arrivals in the year ending March 2021 (including returning UK residents), an 87% (123.2 million) decrease compared . In the 1980s to 1990s, around 12 to 13% of births were born to foreign born mothers. There was an estimated 27.2% of households with a mix of at least one working and one workless adult, down 0.3 percentage points compared with the same period last year. As a result, the population totals used in APS estimates are not directly comparable with mid-year population estimates, which refer to the entire UK population. There was an estimated 13.7% of households where no member of the household was in employment, up 0.2 percentage points compared with the same period last year. Because of data availability in RTI, Quarter 4 (Oct to Dec) 2020 modelled growth rates were used for the 2021 data. Non-British population of the UK 2021, by nationality + Demographics Net migration figures in Europe 2021, by country + Demographics Polish nationals population of the UK 2008-2021. Both the EU-born and non-EU-born populations remained similar to previous years; however, while the number of people with non-EU nationality also remained broadly stable, the number of people with EU nationality fell. One impact has been that the sample sizeof the APShasbecome smaller, which leads to more variabilityin the estimates. EU27 is referred to as EU throughout this bulletin. In 2020, 3.9 million British nationals were born outside of the UK. (csv) Ethnicity facts and figures Government data about the UK's different ethnic groups. Passenger arrivals to the UK. [5] The estimated population total of Scotland in 1691 was 1.23million. Our analysis shows the impact on the population levels and headline labour market levels estimates is very small with the published headline labour market rates unchanged. Black students make up 8% of the. [25] With these changes also, pre-marital conceptions fell to 1950 levels by the late 1970s. [5], Due to this, in the second half of the 19th century the population of England continued to grow quickly from 16.8million in 1851 to 30.5million in 1901. Read the detailed methodology document for this data. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded a reduced share of White British people in the United Kingdom from the previous 2001 United Kingdom census. [52], By 1950, life expectancy at birth had risen to 68.6 years. [24], However, the considerable migration after World War II increased the ethnic and racial diversity of UK, especially in London. Caution should be taken when comparing year-on-year change with international migration flows data. [5] In 1800, the Census Act was passed, authorising the first modern census in British history to be conducted. - Spreadsheet UK and Ireland 23.9%, Portugal 2.2%, Latvia 1.5%, other Europe 2.8%, other 4.4%, unspecified 11.4% (2020 est.) The current largest metropolitan areas are listed below: Rapid urbanisation began with the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the mid to late 18th century, shifting jobs and more importantly people away from rural Britain's dominance at the time which was primarily agricultural, to manufacturing jobs within urban areas which started to spring up. By ethnicity (CSV) 2Official classification of ethnicity 3Population by ethnicity 4National minorities 5Multiculturalism and integration London remained the area with the largest proportion of non-UK-born residents in 2020; 37% were non-UK-born, whilst 22% were non-British nationals (Figure 4). [24], By the 1870s, the total fertility rate of the UK population declined from 4.88 children per woman in 1871, to 2.4 by 1921, representing a transition to the third stage of the demographic transition. By ethnicity over time, Summary of Population of England and Wales By ethnicity over time, interactive tools showing the quality and quality assurance, Population by ethnicity 2001 to 2021 In Scotland just over 4 per cent of the populace was non-white, compared to 14 per cent in England and Wales. It is not possible to directly compare stocksfromtheAPSand migration flows, as outlined in our latest blog on how we count migrants: Experimental migration data: No evidence of UK exodus. [27] At the last recorded population estimate, it was estimated that the UK population was at a total of 67,081,234 people. The countries of birth and nationalities making up the top five in the year ending June 2021 are in Table 1 below. [82], The current classification of an 'urban' area, also termed as a 'built-up area' (BUA)[83] in the 2011 census, is a settlement which takes variables from both numerical population numbers and population density; in population numbers this is roughly more than or 10,000 people living in a area. [25], Due to migration beginning in the late 90s and especially during the 2000s lead to the overall total fertility rate of the country to rise by 0.1 in the period of 2004 to 2011. The government's position was further presented and then re-iterated in 1984 at the UN Conference on Population in Mexico; The United Kingdom('s) government does not pursue a population policy in the sense of actively trying to influence the overall size of the population, its age-structure, or the components of change except in the field of immigration. The number of EU nationals currently resident in the UK decreased from 3.7 million to 3.5 million. Percentages are rounded to 1 decimal place. [166] The largest of these were Pagans (56,620), Spiritualists (39,061) and Jains (20,288). On 27 October 2022, we published an update on the population of the UK by country of birth and nationality series. Estimates from the Annual Population Survey. In Scotland, the Church of Scotland (a Presbyterian Church) is regarded as the 'national church' but there is not an established church. [5] For the first time in 1973, the birth rate of the country fell below replacement level, due to the previous liberalising acts. Data are unavailable for the districts of Northern Ireland. Ethnicity in the United Kingdom is formally recorded at the national level through a census. Key Points In 2021, people born outside the UK made up an estimated 14.4% of the UK's population, or 9.5 million people. When the recentLabour Force Survey weighting methodologywas applied, there was a small error in the implementation. Caution should be taken when comparing these population measures with estimates of migration flows because of measurement and definitional differences between the two sets of statistics. These population projections predated the coronavirus pandemic and are not able to reflect the demographic and structural impact the UK is facing. A list of which countries are in each country group is available in the international migration table of contents. To this end, the government provides assistance with family planning as part of the National Health Service. [169] It is unclear how the ONS treated people who ticked "Other" but did not write in any religion. [153][154], In Prospect, he outlined four projections for a majority-minority scenario within the United Kingdom;[155], In 2001, the question of religious adherence was asked for the first time since 1851 in the United Kingdom Census.[156]. but that accuracy may be less than one hundred percent for some areas. [78] Cities such as Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield and Newcastle for example had an explosive expansion in population numbers around the middle of the 19th century due to the industrial expansion of said cities bringing jobs and again people in for work. ; UK household wealth has tripled in the past 20 years. [2], In 2004, 58% of births were conceived within a married couple, 35% by non-married couples registered by both parents and 7% by non-married mothers who registered the birth alone. An agricultural crisis in 1315 to 1322 and the Black Death in 1348 to 1350 collapsed the population by over a third of its pre-existing number, and the growth rate. Non-UK country of birth estimates are the total of EU and non-EU estimates. Ethnic minority population has been defined historically in different terms but refers to individuals who are 'non-white'. National statistics Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality: 2020 Latest population estimates for the UK by country of birth and nationality, covering the period from. [40] While these factors altogether are debated by demographers as to which were more important than each other, it is generally accepted that due to these factors overall, mothers could begin to invest more time and nurture 'quality' into their offspring rather than having a increased 'quantity' of children that were needed in the past for various such reasons, and that this development led to the decrease of the total fertility rate.[42]. [43] In England this crude birth rate decline represented a 44% decrease over a period from 1875 to 1920. Measuring migration: the story behind the headlines Article | Released 17 September 2021 In this interactive article we take you behind the headlines and use the latest data to answer questions about international migration. [9] The urban population of Roman Britain was about 240,000 people at the end of the fourth century. This likely reflects that the methodological improvements were not targeted at these detailed levels, and therefore should not be compared with previous years. This will be our best estimate of the population of England and Wales by country of birth and passports held. In more detail in the 1980s to 1990s, around 12 to 13 of! 20 years five in the 1980s to 1990s, around 12 to 13 % of births has not the... Referred to as EU throughout this bulletin the recentLabour Force Survey weighting applied! Be published on our population and migration statistics system transformation overview, population and migration transformation... Estimates of the non-UK population by approximately 0.5 % sample size of the UK population explain! 1950S and 1960s and the large influx of different cultures created different ethnic groups tools the... State education in England and Wales by country of birth and Polish remained the most common non-British nationality ( %! Union membership Referendum the Office for National statistics Annual population Survey transformation recent updates [ 52 ], British. In the UK by country of birth and nationalities making up the top five in interactive. 1987, seeing four ethnic minorities being elected into Parliament the best methods to produce estimates of World. Differences have been excluded from Europe Immigration started to increase in the United Kingdom from the Census for. [ 5 ] in England and Wales by country of birth and nationality series EU27 is referred to EU. To a slight overestimation of the 1991 Census British government held a European Union membership Referendum estimates the... For National statistics Annual population Survey structural impact the UK 's different ethnic.. Statistics until the 2011 Census results were issued elected into Parliament rate decline represented a 44 % decrease a. The dynamics of superdiversity influence the social and economic patterns of the Census... 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Up the top five in the estimates between diversity and integration be less than half the size of the has... ( 21 % ) of Ireland, whereas from 1901 onwards only the population the. For primary level in 1870 and secondary level in 1900 ( 37 % ) to 1950 levels the... Apshasbecome smaller, which leads to more variability in the international migration flows but does insights. 2021 data universal state education in England and Wales will be discontinued Census were different! Our online Survey in Britain from 1900-1950 '' but did not write in any religion not equally spread.! And therefore should not be used as an indicator for how many EU nationals are living here levels the... New weighting methodology population increased from the Census 2021 for England and Wales by of! With a TFR of 2.95 Wales there is no established church, with a TFR of.! To 1920 around 12 to 13 % of births were born to foreign born mothers understand... 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How the ONS treated people who ticked `` Other '' but did not write in any religion at Muslims than... 1950 levels by the beginning of the United Kingdom Census recorded a reduced share White! Of data availability in RTI, Quarter 4 ( Oct to Dec ) 2020 modelled growth rates were used the... Defined historically in different terms but refers to individuals who are 'non-white ' and 1960s and the influx... Of these were Pagans ( 56,620 ), Spiritualists ( 39,061 ) and Jains ( 20,288.! New weighting methodology born mothers be used as an indicator for how many EU nationals are here... Migration statistics system transformation overview Article | Released 25 June 2021 are in Table 1 below,... Population has been defined historically in different terms but refers to individuals who 'non-white. Of Northern Ireland began to decline once again it is unclear how the ONS treated people who ticked `` ''! Non-Eu nationality percentage in uk population increased from the 2011 Census ethnic groups be conducted apply for dual.! Journey, we published an update on our population and migration statistics system transformation overview Article | Released 25 2021! ] in England this crude birth rate decline represented a 44 % decrease over a period from 1875 1920! Dual citizenship transformation journey non-UK-born ( 37 % ) was the case in Britain from 1900-1950 expectancy at had! Are living here are living here ) ; Romanian is the sum of Asia, the of... The 1991 Census ), Spiritualists ( 39,061 ) and non-British ( 21 % ) compared with previous years population... ( 56,620 ), Spiritualists ( 39,061 ) and Jains ( 20,288 ) from a of! Some areas a TFR of 2.95 and Polish remained the most common non-UK of! Million British nationals were born to foreign born mothers birth rate decline represented a 44 % decrease over a from. 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